active electrode- electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated.
alternating current- AC; rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second.
ampere- A, also known as amp; unit that measures the amount of an electric current.
anaphoresis- process of infusing an alkaline product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole.
anode- positive electrode; the anode is usually red and is marked with a P or a (+) sign.
blue light- a light-emitting diode for use on clients with acne.
cataphoresis- process of forcing an acidic product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole, tightens and calms the skin.
cathode- negative electrode; the cathode is usually black and is marked with a N or a (-) sign.
chromophore- a color component of the skin found at different depths, such as blood or melanin.
circuit breaker- switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric current at the first indication of overload.
complete electric circuit- The path of electric currents moving from the generating source through conductors and back to the generating source.
conductor- any substance, material, or medium that easily transmits electricity.
converter- apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
deincrustation- process used to soften and emulsify sebum and blackheads in the follicles.
direct current- dc; constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means.
electric current- the flow of energy along a conductor/
electricity- the movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy; form of energy that when in mothion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects; a flow of electrons.
electrode- also known as probe, applicator for directing the electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.
electromagnetic spectrum- made up of all forms of energy whose spectrum ranges from the longest waves to the shortest.
electrotherapy- The use of electrical devices to treat the skin and for therapeutic benefits.
fuse- a special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
galvanic current- a constant and direct current;uses a positive and negative pole to produce he chemical reactions (desincrustation) and ionic reactions (iontophoresis).
green light- A light-emitting diode for use on clients with hyper-pigmentation or for detoxifying the skin.
grounding- The ground connection completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground.
inactive electrode- Opposite pole from the active electrode.
infrared light- Infrared light has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light; makes up 60 percent of natural sunlight.
insulator- Also known as nonconductor; substance that does not easily transmit electricity.
intense pulse light- Light- device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea/redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles/pores, and excessive hair.
invisible light- light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.
iontophoresis- Also, known as ionization; process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine or a micro-current device.
kilowatt- K; 1,000 watts
laser- A medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments (light amplification stimulation emission of radiation).
LED- Light-emitting diode; a device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.
light therapy- The application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
micro-current- An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.
milliampere- mA; one-thousandth of an ampere.
modalities- Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.
ohm- O; unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.
photothermolysis- Process by which light from a laser is turned into heat.
plug- Two or three-prong connector at the end of an electrical cord that connects an apparatus to an electrical outlet.
polarity- Negative or positive pole of an electric current.
rectifier- Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.
red light- A light-emitting diode for use on clients in the stimulation of circulation and collagen and elastin production.
Tesla high-frequency current- Also known as violet ray; thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.
ultra-violet radiation- Invisible rays that have short wavelengths, are the least penetrating rays, produce chemical effects, and kills germs.
visible light- The primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments.
volt- V; unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.
watt- Abbreviated W; measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second.
wavelength- Distance between two successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.
white light- Referred to as combination light because of all the visible rays of the spectrum.
yellow light- A light emitting diode which aids in reducing inflammation and swelling.
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